Decline Of World Cotton Prices On Poverty - 1041 Words

7055 AGRIBUS Paper 1 29 August 2014 Hannah Twine 1194821 Decline in world cotton prices effects on poverty in West African cotton exporting countries rural poverty. Introduction Over 2001-2002, world cotton prices fell by almost 40% as a response to government subsidies in market-dominators Europe, China and the United States, a trend towards using synthetic fibres, and economic downturn decreasing the demand for garments. This paper will explain the price transmission between world cotton prices to the domestic prices in the West African ‘Cotton Four’ (‘C4’) countries of Benin, Mali, Burkina Faso and Chad. It will analyse the short- and long-term effects on domestic farmers’ income, the implications for domestic production of cotton and other relevant crops in these countries, and then look at the effects on the labour markets of these nations. This paper will find that, in the long-term, spatial price transmission is present in the global cotton market and this both directly and indirectly affects farmers’ welfare in the C4 nations. This will be displayed through looking at the price elasticity of cotton. The paper will then seek to make recommendations for the C4 governments and relevant stakeholders such as agricultural associations to respond to global changes, caused by the transmission mechanism, more effectively It is valuable to engage in conversations regarding the implications of policy and price transmission in agricultural markets as this canShow MoreRelatedCauses of the USA Boom in the 1920s Essay1089 Words   |  5 Pagesfinishing WW1 as the richest country in the world, while the of rest of the world tried to back on their feet. This meant that there was a lot more money in the US economy so new technology could be researched before any other country in the world giving America an overall advantage. The government also added to the boom by the way they did things. The Fordney McUmber tariff was introduced in 1922 which increased the price of foreign goods being sold in America makingRead MorePoverty And Hunger : Hunger1542 Words   |  7 PagesHardy Social Problems SOC S-163-Sect. 29531 08 April 2016 Poverty and Hunger Hunger impacts 48.1 million Americans; 46.7 million of them live in poverty. According to Feeding America, seventy percent of their clients are at one hundred percent below the federal poverty line (â€Å"Hunger and Poverty Facts†, 2016). Poverty is the social factor, which creates and sustains hunger. You may be wondering that if poverty creates hunger, what creates poverty? Economics, politics, and capitalism all keep the impoverishedRead MoreThe Evolution Of Poverty During The Civil War1654 Words   |  7 Pages THE EVOLUTION OF POVERTY IN AMERICA Missy Worrells Modern History 1073 November 19, 2014 â€Æ' The Evolution of Poverty in America Poverty is a hardship that has existed in every milestone of American history. War impacted the economy of the country after the Civil War. The twentieth century would see wars, natural disasters, and economical depressions that contributed to the developing culture of poverty. Poverty in any time period is a shattering experience. While being poorRead More A Study of Cotton Trade and Trade in Africa Essays4519 Words   |  19 PagesA Study of Cotton Trade and Trade in Africa History of Cotton The word cotton is derived from the Arabic word ‘qutun’ or ‘kutun’ which is used to describe any textile that is very fine. Cotton is one of the oldest known fibers in the world, which has been found by archeologists during the course of excavating ancient civilizations. Traces of cotton fiber were found to exist over 5000 years ago, when archeologists were excavating a cite in Mohenjo Daro, which lies in the Indus Valley in WestRead More19th Century American History: Americas Second War of Independence1649 Words   |  7 Pagesexample of this encouragement was government-speak minimizing the Wests dangers and maximizing its bounty, such as a Missouri Territory legislators assertion that, there neither is, nor, in the nature of things, can there ever be, anything like poverty there. All is ease, tranquility and comfort (Vanderstel, n.d.). An additional reason for post-war expansion was the military bounty. The War of 1812 was an unpopular war fought at a time when the U.S. could ill afford it. Consequently, the PresidentRead MoreEconomy of Pakistan1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthat are disturbing Pakistan’s Economy: †¢ Poverty †¢ Illiteracy †¢ Corruption Political Instability †¢ Over Population, Unemployment Inflation †¢ International Interference †¢ Terrorism/Extremism †¢ And The Recent Floods ECONOMY HISTORY OF PAKISTAN First five decades When it gained independence in 1947 from UK. Pakistans average economic growth rate since independence has been higher than the average growth rate of the world economy during the period. Average annual realRead MoreThe Great Depression1083 Words   |  5 Pagescalled the Great Depression, because of its duration and serious consequences for society. The war gave rise to prosperity, both real and illusory. It was real, because the warring European powers demanded during that period, that the cost of wheat, cotton, corn, livestock products should rise, and they wanted US to be the only country, that can be a manufacturer. Deficiency of sea transport made inaccessible markets of Australia and Argentina. The US government encouraged farmers to increase productionRead MoreEssay about Agricultural Effects of the Drip Irrigation System1587 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental aspects. Poverty is one of the primary concerns the world faces in its road to development. Eradication of poverty tends to be the prime aims of governments worldwide. Lack of proper nutrition is a major cause contributing to poverty. Improving agricultural standards can help in producing more food and thus counter the lack of food factor. One way to improve agricultural standards is to develop the irrigation methods used. Irrigation is closely related to poverty. Irrigation benefitsRead MoreSlavery During The United States2105 Words   |  9 Pagesslavery affected the agriculture in the United Sates, and how the labor of slaves was important to the growing crop of the Unites States, especially the South. The South was notorious for its vigorous production of tobacco, rice, sugar and cotton, as well as other world agriculture as well. Although the population of the south was a mere 30% the size of the north, in 1861 they grew more than one third of the corn, one sixth the wheat, four fifths the peas and beans and over half of the tobacco in theRead MoreIn Zimbabwe we can see large pyramids these large pyramids are all called the â€Å"Great Zimbabwe† or1500 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted taking part in the governments but in a limited capacity. (Gov. of Zimbabwe) After the Second World War took place, the economic dynamics of Zimbabwe as a country changed. The countries agricultural and mining sectors were taken over by the industrial revolution and the manufacturing sector saw a lot of growth. This period in Zimbabwe’s history saw a big influx of white settlers. The post world war II era saw the rise of the African middle class who were educated and acquired positions and jobs

Consciousness Is Not An Illusion - 1631 Words

Consciousness poses the most baffling challenges in scientific realm of the mind. There’s nothing with which we share an intimate relation than conscious experience, but there’s nothing so strenuous or demanding to explain. Perhaps no other aspect of mind is more puzzling than this mystifying experience that we encounter in our every day life. There’s a widespread disparity amongst individuals regarding the existence of this entity. Some might argue that consciousness is not more than a foolish idea, though there are some stances where investigations over its existence hadn’t yield anything to prove it’s very existence in nature, while others have held an opposite view, and contended that its very existence can be explained in empirical†¦show more content†¦This all is required for me or any other conscious being to wholly establish the reality of consciousness. Therefore, according to me, it’s the one thing in this vast ocean of uni verse that cannot be an illusion for sure. Saad 2 Rene Descartes, a French philosopher mostly known for his Meditations, argued that consciousness is self-evident because we cannot logically deny the existence of our mind at the same time using it to do the denying. â€Å"I think, therefore, I am†- Rene Descartes Therefore, in relation to his citing, I cannot think of myself as an objective being doing the denying unless my mind is not aware of it. In other words, one cannot think of doing anything if he’s not in a state of consciousness. Neurological Approach to Consciousness We all are very familiar with the very perplexing nature of this entity â€Å"consciousness†. We can tell when we are awake, when we are thinking, when we are pondering over the world, but to explain this nature of consciousness can be somewhat grueling. However as our understanding and comprehension of the brain is escalating, we are able to tackle this subject to an extent. Imagine the distinction of the image of an apple between your brain and a digital camera. The raw image is the same whether it’s created by the camera or in your head. However, the camera treats each pixel autonomously but does not recognize the object. YourShow MoreRelatedConsciousness Is Not An Illusion1631 Words   |  7 PagesConsciousness poses the most baffling challenges in scientific realm of the mind. There’s nothing with which we share an intimate relation than conscious experience, but there’s nothing so strenuous or demanding to explain. Perhaps no other aspect of mind is more puzzling than this mystifying experience that we encounter in our every day life. There’s a widespread disparity amongst individuals regarding the existence of this entity. Some might argue that consciousness is not more than a foolish ideaRead MoreDavid Hume s Bundle 1041 Words   |  5 PagesB. Introduction to David Hume’s ‘bundle’ (written as a r eply to Descartes) The silhouette of a subject was drawn by a council of moments and David Hume named it an illusion, humanity named it the self. In the modern ages of philosophy while Rene Descartes’ affect still remains eminent, David Hume comes with an argument which kills the I Descartes created and lets it fly as a ghost in human perception. Not only in the case of the subject, the contrast between Hume’s and Descartes’ ideas can be seenRead MorePhilosophy of Language Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesand the schematization of our world. Language evolved simultaneously with consciousness, for we felt the need to communicate. Language fills this need, but it produces only a vague and shallow reflection of what we are thinking, for only small amounts of mans thoughts are brought into consciousness. Our thoughts are captured and translated into the perspective of the herd, thus this herd rules our consciousness. Only the average in someone is expressed and becomes part of the herd, for weRead MoreThe Essence Of Christianity Had A Profound Impact On Marx s Philosophy Of Right1247 Words   |  5 Pagesonce this deception has been unmasked as an illusion and God has been denied. Consequently, it is evident that Marx adopted the Freudian-Feuerbachian concept of illusion, in which Freud argues that ‘Religious ideas... are illusions, fulfilments of the oldest, strongest, and most urgent wishes of mankind’ and Feuerbach claims that ‘God is the Love that satisfied our wishes, our emotional wants’ . For Freud, religion is an illusory, false consciousness that one subscribes to in an ‘unrealistic attemptRead MoreThe Impact Of Consciousness On Modern Day Psychology1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe study of consciousness in modern day psychology is becoming increasingly difficult to explain. In the early days of consciousness studies it may have been explained as our experience or awareness (Blackmore, 2010). However, over a number of years, there have been many psychologists who have contributed many important theories towards the explanation of how consciousness works, and its initial existence. As Chalmers states: â€Å"There is nothing that we know more intimately than conscious experienceRead MoreDesire in Early Buddhism1088 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of the third noble truth â€Å"depicts a state of health that is said to be free of suffering (135).† Buddhist believe that a person only exists in designation but not in reality. A person experiences body, f eelings, perceptions, volitions, and consciousness which enables the person to believe that the person is more than just those components. The person believes that he is alive when in reality it is merely the perception of being alive. In believing that a person is alive the person also give intoRead MoreWhy Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to Thatos Chained Prisoners in a Cave1618 Words   |  7 Pagesform of good is the last thing to be seen? According to Plato, the shadows inside the cave are â€Å"illusion†. Buddha’s first expression of enlightment was â€Å"all is illusion† .All Buddhist practices aimed at disabusing a person of their illusions. Presently Buddhism teaches to pierce through the two veils of illusion, which are conflicting emotions and false beliefs about reality. Everything is illusion in this world. According to Advaita school of Vedanta, Brahman  is the only reality; the appearanceRead MoreWhy Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to Thatos Chained Prisoners in a Cave1633 Words   |  7 Pagesform of good is the last thing to be seen? According to Plato, the shadows inside the cave are â€Å"illusion†. Buddha’s first expression of enlightment was â€Å"all is illusion† .All Buddhist practices aimed at disabusing a person of their illusions. Presently Buddhism teaches to pierce through the two veils of illusion, which are conflicting emotions and false beliefs about reality. Everything is illusion in this world. According to Advaita school of Vedanta, Brahman  is the only reality; the appearanceRead MoreAmerica s Food Industry : An American Scholar And Writer1205 Words   |  5 Pagesindustry should treat animals better even though they are ignorant to how most of America’s food is produced. By ignorantly eating the foods produced by most industries, people are being hypocritical to their beliefs and slowly degrading their consciousness towards animals. Humans unknowingly support animal cruelty and unfair labor through their food choices, but this is common in America’s cul ture. An additional aspect of America’s culture is the usage of faux foods. Besides the obvious substitutesRead MoreBuddhism And Its Effect On Society842 Words   |  4 Pagesmetal and physical factors (203). That is, it is an illusion not a truth. In Buddhism, a human being consists of five aggregates: matter, feelings, perceptions, karmic formation or mental habit patterns, and consciousness (205). Among these five things, fourth aggregate is the most important in that karma is the driving force of the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (205). Although Buddhism approves that after death, the stream of consciousness is not destroyed but propelled through the subtle energy

Faults of Woven and Knit Fabric Free Essays

Faults of woven fabric: Bar: It is a band running across the full width of cloth. Pick bar due ti difference in pick spacing Tension-bar due to difference in weft tension Weft-bar due to difference in material count, twist etc Box marks: The causes of box marks are – Dirty box Shuttle riding over the weft Dirty shuttle Dirty picking and ticks Broken pattern: It occurs due to wrong drawing of threads insertion of thee pick, incorrect lifting of warp threads. Broken pick: A pick missing of the fabric, due to rough shuttle eyes, poor winding and weft yarn breakage. We will write a custom essay sample on Faults of Woven and Knit Fabric or any similar topic only for you Order Now Defective selvedge: Curled selvedge Cut selvedges Loppy selvedges Slack selvedges Pulled selvedge Tight selvedge Uneven selvedge Float stitches: A place where warp and weft yarns escape the required interlacement. If occurs for improper warp stop motion. Fuzzy: it occurs for the present of hairy and abraded yarns. Hang pick: A pick which is out of line and is a triangular shape. Missing ends: Gap of warp yarns is the main causes Reed marks: Due to this fault cloth shows irregular spacing between groups of warp yarns across the fabric width. Shuttle marks: Width way marks due to abrasion of warp yarns by the shuttle. Stain: Major problems on woven fabric Oil, Dust, Soil, Carbon particles in the air may cause stains. Uneven cloth: It produced when take up motion is faulty, broken ratchet wheel is also responsible. Some mechanical faults: Reed marks Shuttle flying out Shuttle trapping Loom hanging Loom stopping Weft cutting Bumping Knitting Faults: Holes: Holes are the result of yarn breakage. It occurs for the following causes – Uneven yarn Badly set of yarn feeder Knots, slubs etc in yarn Yarn tension is too high Yarn is too dry Drop stitches: Those are the result of a defective needle. It also occurs when a yarn is not properly fed during stitch formation. Cloth fall –out: it is an area consisting of drop sitiches lying side by side. Snags: It occurs when filament yarns are processing. It occurs for higher twist and lesser crimp elasticity. Double stitches: These occur due to badly knitted or non-knitted loops. Vertical stripes: It is observed as longitudinal gaps in the fabric. When the space between Wales is irregular it occurs. Horizontal stripes: Horizontal stripes are caused by unevenness in the courses. Soil stripes: Soil stripes can appear both in the direction of Wales as well as courses. Color fly: Color fly consists of singe fibres, brunches of fibre of yarn pieces in varying colors. Distorted stitches: Due to it if become unsettled fabric and fabric appearance is skitter. Write about BAN (Barium Activity Number): Barium activity Number = (? Ba(OH)? _2 Absorbed by mercerised cotton material)/(? Ba(OH)? _2 Absorbed by unmercerised cotton material) BAN is always greater than 100 Standard range of BAN 115 – 135 Highly mercerized range 140 – 150 possible If BAN 115, Mercerization wille be uneven Write ablout Water Hardness: Hardness is a term applied to water denoting a measurement of its PH and metal salt contest. Classification of water according to hardness – DescriptionTotal hardness (Degree) Very soft 0 – 40 Soft 5 – 80 Shild 9-140 Fairly hard 15 -180 Hard 19 -300 Very hard 300 Determination of water hardness: The following Reagents are required for hardness measermet Buffer solution EDTA (Ethelene Diamine Tetraacetate ) (. 02 N or . 01 M) Indicator solution 0. 05 gm (Solochromo black WDFA) Mixture of alcohol and tri-ethanol amine Calcium solution – Take 1 gm CaCO3 and dried at 1650C Cover with clock glass and add water (50-100 ml) Add 20. 5 ml HCl Warm and next Cool Transfer to one litre volumetric flask Determination of total Hardness: Total Hardness = (T? 1000)/V mg/L CaCO3 Where, V = Wt. f solution (50 -100) into conical breaker T = Total amount of EDTA used to get reddish tinge disappear. Weight loss in Pre-treatment: The weight of unscoured and scoured were taken separately at the same moisture content and then weight loos is measured in %. Weight loss = (Wt. of Unscoured fabric-Wt. of Scoured fabric )/(Wt. of Unscoured fabric) ? 100% Standard range of Weight loss = 4 – 8% Fabric and knit: (Questions) Faults of woven and knit fabric. Different variables of woven fabric. BAN (Bariem activity number) Hardness measurement of H2O. Wt. loss in pre-treatment (Scouring, bleaching, desizing etc) How to cite Faults of Woven and Knit Fabric, Essay examples